Let us learn Music-- Part 5

Chords, what is so special?

 

Let us examine the basics of chords and let us understand as to how it serves as a major factor in western music. In simple words, Chords are just different notes played together at the same time. These are mere note combinations based on rules. These rules decide the type of chords. You can call it a structured combination of notes played together. Chords are identified by the root key in the combination. Majority of the chords are called Triads, meaning they are made up of 3 notes; it is like arranging 1/3 note on the top of another.  The lowest note in the chord is called as the root, followed by 3rd (note above root) and 5th (note above root) There are 4 types of popular triads called Major, Minor, Augmented and Diminished. 

 

Major Chord: As the name denotes a major chord is often associated with a major scale. We shall compute a simple formula to calculate a major chord for a given root note.
First let us assign a value of "1" to each key, regardless of being a white or black key. Just think that every key in the keyboard has a value of 1. In the following example I will take note "C" as the root note. The simple formula for the major chord will be 1+5+8, where C=1 find the 5thnote (C+4) from C which is E and 8th note from C is G Hence a C major is C+E+G.
Hope you got it, if not read the above again and you will get it is quite easily.

In the same manner let us try D major chord. D=1. Now, 5th note from D is F# and 8th note from D is A, hence D major is DF#A. It is quite easy to find a major chord. So just remember 1+5+8 to compute a major chord.


Next question will be "Where to use a major chord"?  What is so great about using this chord? We will find the answer for these questions if we explore just one song composed by Ilayaraja . Take the song lines  “Anjali Anjali Anjali” .  The song is in the key D .You can see (rather hear) the D major chord being used.  So the choice of using the D major chord is associated directly with the song’s key, which is D (2).

anjali anjali                | D | % | % | % |  (the % sign denote repeat the chord)

 

However, something more interesting happens in the prelude of this song. Though the key is D, for the chorus lines “Ammamma pillaikani” – chords are quite different, “A” major and a “minor (just hold till we get to minor) is played, this is just to get some kind of tension in the music. You see how it clearly reflects in the video. But the mood is changed in the ”Pon mani chinna mani” lines, which takes you to a major progression creating a happy mood in the song. The way in which Ilayaraja comes back to the key is quite appealing  “A Bm G A “- he hits D in the word “konjida” which is a happy word by all means to highlight the key note in the score, this is done by playing the major chord (D) over it. Simply wonderful.

 

One more song that I will discuss is Rajavin paarvai raniyin pakkam, this is in A minor but in the line “Purana nilavo”, the key changes to major and major chord is played by an accordion part.

 A trade mark in MSV-MGR combo songs.  Try to identify major chords in the songs.

Take “manguyile”, see where major chords hit the song. Quite interesting.

 

Exercise:

Form major chords for all the keys. Write it down and then start playing it slowly, I am sure you will get the hang of it.

 

Endnote:

 

There is some confusion on pitch for a few who have emailed me. Sruthi and scales. Let me keep it simple, In Carnatic music, traditionally, the basic reference is the “Tambura”. Vocals and accompaniments are tuned based on the “sa pa sa” notes from Tambura.  Tambura plays the major role to get all of them in one single frequency. Thanks to the monophony, things are easy.  But how does it work for polyphonic music?

In western music middle C is the key, it is about 440khz, there are automatic tuners, which will help you to tune your string instruments. Often in light music shows middle C is referenced from a keyboard. You can often spot a singer signaling a 2 or 4 meaning the current key is D or F. (2nd note from middle C or 4th note from middle C)

What is Transposing?  In simple terms it is the method of changing the key of a song. Like we might have rehearsed a song in E major but singers range might be in D. Chords are not same now, they are transposed to a lower key, a keyboard player can use the transpose button to shift the frequency, he still plays in E but the output will sound in D. Thanks to electronics. However, guitarist or a violinist cannot sit and retune, they are trained to play the progression based on the key.  Still, there are attachments (bridges etc) for a guitar, which will transpose for you. I have played with people who just use it.  Transposing is just moving keys relatively, and as mentioned a VB or Java script can do the relative mapping.  The following website will help to find the transposed chords  -- http://autotransposer.shapebyforce.com/sbf/docs/index.html

 

I also noticed few people referring to Scales as Ragas (in Carnatic) in DF. Once again, I insist, they are not the same. A “doughnut” might look like a “medhu vada”, but the taste is quite different. J

 
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Srikanth
(c) Studio1234, USA 2003
Have questions! you can reach me at srikanth@srikanthd.com 
ps: many have emailed me, thanks, as and when i find time, questions will be answered in the order they were received
J

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